完結文章的技巧 (六) Reflection

文以載道，更可抒發感情，很多時候撰寫記敍文和抒情文時，如果能善用此技巧完結文章，一方面會使讀者明白作者對整個記敍事件或某件深刻事例的感受，另一方面亦感性地讓讀者知悉導致事件的責任誰屬，以至閱過文章後，易與作者產生共鳴。下列兩個例子可作說明：

1)      Topic: A page in my diary

When I look back upon my past years, most of what happened to me were blurred by the ride of events. However, I can still remember quite clearly the most thrilling moment when I first entered school.

2)      Topic: A bitter experience on the result announcing day

No one was to blame but myself. If I had worked hard, I would have passed the examination. This was a good lesson to me. I sadly closed my report and made up my mind on what to do next term.

＊＊你明瞭自己的文法水平嗎？

一篇好的文章需要文體及文法並重，宜重質, 不重量. 為考核同學能否正確運用英語文法, 本欄每期均列一句子，內含本港公開試考生常犯之文法錯誤、答案及分析於下期刊載。你會接受考驗嗎？

今期修改句子： I have learnt a lot of vocabularies today.

上期問题:：He talks to me friendly.

答案:  Friendly 應作 cordially 或 amicably

考核文法重點:  副詞 (adverb)

題解及分析:  很多同學會誤解, 凡英語匯有ly 尾均為副詞. 其實只有形容詞 + ly才是副詞; friendly 的結構乃名詞 (friend) + ly, 只是形容詞, 不能用之形容詞動詞talk, 應用cordially或amicably 友善及和善介地才對.

            當然, 也可以下列形式表示:  

                       He talks to me in a friendly way.

                       註: 英語有不少形容詞, 結尾為 ly 而非副詞, 如lovely, lonely, homely也可用上述形式表達.

*此輯文章共30講,凡連續於comment 欄中表達意見或答對本期問題6次,均可獲本中心送出精美禮品一份.

完結文章的技巧 (五) Drawing a Conclusion

閱讀一篇二、三百字的文章，讀者看到末段時，很多時會忘記了作者於文章初段或中段的觀點，故為了令讀者印象清晰，以總結或重申論點這種「最後一擊」的結束文章方法甚為重要，尢以辯論或議論文為甚。下列兩個例子可作說明：

1) Topic: Comment on a current social problem

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize my viewpoint. This is, unless the government takes some urgent and sensible measures to solve the problem, people in Hong Kong will face more and more difficulties in the future.

2) Topic: The advantages and disadvantages of...

As a conclusion, it is difficult to say whether it is good to be the eldest child in a family since there are both advantages and disadvantages. What seems the best is to accept our role in a family whatever it may be.

＊＊你明瞭自己的文法水平嗎？

一篇好的文章需要文體及文法並重，宜重質, 不重量. 為考核同學能否正確運用英語文法, 本欄每期均列一句子，內含本港公開試考生常犯之文法錯誤、答案及分析於下期刊載。你會接受考驗嗎？

今期修改句子： He talks to me friendly.

上期問题:：Where will you be in Easter?

答案:  應改作 at

考核文法重點:  介系詞 (Preposition)

題解及分析:  一般同學, 用介系詞聯上節令, 多犯上此錯誤. 留意下列例句:

1.                                                I shall visit my grandparents at Christmas.  (所有節令當天用 at )

2.                                                I shall join a party on the Christmas Eve.  (平安夜用on)

3.                                                I shall visit Japan in the New Year Holiday.  (Holiday用in)

*此輯文章共30講,凡連續於comment 欄中表達意見或答對本期問題6次,均可獲本中心送出精美禮品一份.

完結文章的技巧 (四) Using Proverbs

英語裡有不少諺語 (Proverb)，言簡意賅，如能善用，在完結文章時，有畫龍點睛之效。讀者亦會對文章所傳遞的訊息有深刻的感覺。下列例子可作參考：

Topic: The proper attitude of facing the challenges of HKCEE.

Example:

a.       ‘Where there is a will, there is a way.’ says the proverbs. So if we want to have a meaningful future, we should believe in that we are the master of our own fate.

b.      ‘Every cloud’ has its silver lining.’ says the proverb. We should therefore not give up hope even in the darkest moment of our life.

c.        As the proverb runs, ‘A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.’ This proverb is very true. I would rather be ignorant than have misleading knowledge which will do more harm than good.

＊＊你明瞭自己的文法水平嗎？

一篇好的文章需要文體及文法並重，宜重質, 不重量. 為考核同學能否正確運用英語文法, 本欄每期均列一句子，內含本港公開試考生常犯之文法錯誤、答案及分析於下期刊載。你會接受考驗嗎？

今期修改句子： Where will you be in Easter?

上期問题:：She has two sons: one works in a bank and another works in a book shop.

答案:  another 應改作 the other

考核文法重點:  代名詞 (Pronoun)

題解及分析:  當所描述的人物超過三個, 方可用(另一個), 如:

1            She has three sons: one works in a bank; another (works) in a book shop; the other (works) in a trading company. 但當總數只是二個; 剩下的一個必須用 the other, 例如:

2            She has two sons: one (works) in a bank; the other (works) in a book shop.

註:  為免重覆, 上述二句括號用之動詞(works) 可省略.

*此輯文章共30講,凡連續於comment 欄中表達意見或答對本期問題6次,均可獲本中心送出精美禮品一份.

完結文章的技巧 (二) Summary 摘要

一篇約300 字的文章，至少分為四至五段。閱讀文章的人士很易會顧此失彼，閱至中段或末段時，已遺忘作者在文首或其後段落的重點意思。故此，如在結束文章前，把文章要旨再歸納成重點和摘要，會令讀者更容易掌握整篇文章的涵意和訊息，下列兩例子可闡述「摘要」的技巧 (請留意文中有底線的字句)：

1) Topic: Hong Kong is a place of contrasts.

In summary, Hong Kong is a land of contrasts. It is a place where the rich and the poor, the old and the modern, the Eastern and the Western exist side by side. It is a place which you will never get tired of.

2) Topic: What is a leader?

In short, the leader is the servant of the group. He has to sacrifice a lot. However, he is also the one who enjoys the pleasure of working more than anyone else in the group.

＊＊你明瞭自己的文法水平嗎？

一篇好的文章需要文體及文法並重，宜重質, 不重量. 為考核同學能否正確運用英語文法, 本欄每期均列一句子，內含本港公開試考生常犯之文法錯誤、答案及分析於下期刊載。你會接受考驗嗎？

今期修改句子： David will marry with Jane.

上期問题:：We are busy for preparing for our examination

答案:  删去busy後之for

考核文法重點:  介系詞 (Preposition)

題解及分析:  busy 可作形容詞及介系詞用(Preposition); 用作介系詞時, 其後跟隨的動詞必須為動名詞 (Gerund),  常用相類的形容詞有like(相似) 及 worth(值得):

                            1  We are busy preparing for our examination (我們忙於考試)

                                2  Smoking is like committing suicide slowing (食煙好像慢性自殺)                                                      3  This film is worth watching (這電影值得一看)

*此輯文章共30講,凡連續於comment 欄中表達意見或答對本期問題6次,均可獲本中心送出精美禮品一份

完結文章的技巧 (一)

有開始則必會有結束，一個好的文章開始，會使文章開展得活潑輕快，起承轉合有序；但如果文章結束合宜，更會使閱者對文章印象深刻，回味無窮。由今期開始，將會為大家介紹約十種較佳的文章結束方式。

(1)   直述式 (Straight-forward)

a)      Topic: A picnic to the New Territories

It was getting darker and darker. In a distance, we could see thousands of lights against the dark hills. We knew that Hong Kong Island was near, thus ending our journey to Lantau Island.

b)     Topic: The Night Before the Examination

Finally, the war started. Students inspired by black coffee and chicken essence were ready to meet the challenge of the examination questions. On behind the other, the trembling students dragged their exhausted bodies into the battle-field the examination hall.

上述兩引例皆直接用時序寫出事件最後的情景而結束。雖然較平鋪直敍，但作者用側面的方式把文章的主角的心情勾劃出來，令人閱過結語後，仍對文章的情景尚有幻想和回味。這種結語的方式值得學習，特別是撰寫敍事文的文體 (Narrative Essay)！

＊＊你明瞭自己的文法水平嗎？

一篇好的文章需要文體及文法並重，宜重質, 不重量. 為考核同學能否正確運用英語文法, 本欄每期均列一句子，內含本港公開試考生常犯之文法錯誤、答案及分析於下期刊載。你會接受考驗嗎？

今期修改句子： We are busy for preparing for our examination.

上期問题:：All of a sudden, your head hits the desk and you are _____ asleep. (Q32, 2002)

A) deep           B) well          C) fast         D) much          

答案:  C

考核文法重點:  副詞(Adverb)

題解及分析:  此題考同學對英語慣用語(idiom)的掌握有多少. Fast 除了解「快」之外, 尚有多種含意. 比方, 酣眠是Fast asleep. Hold me fast, fast 解「緊」, 全句即緊緊抱著我: It is a time of fast.  fast於此解作「節食」, 全句為「這是節食的時間」.

*此輯文章共30講,凡連續於comment 欄中表達意見或答對本期問題6次,均可獲本中心送出精美禮品一份.

文章中段的撰寫 (十) 假設語氣的運用

善用假設，會使我們的文章生動活潑，亦可在作文卷中，準確地回答有關的英語文法結構。請細看下列三句的分別和含意：

1) If Mary comes, I shall come.

2) If Mary came, I would come.

3) If Mary had come, I would have come.

上述三句的句子結構模式很經典。第1句的助動詞子句 (If Mary comes) 乃現在式，主句 (main clause) 則為將來式，表達了說者的一個對將來的意願，這個意願有機會發生。

第二句的助動詞子句用過去式，後面之主句則用過去將來式，暗喻了說者對此願望的實行並不抱太大的希望，但事件尚未發生，希望小也可能會有達成的機會。

相反，第三句中的助動詞子句用過去完成式，主句則為過去將來完成式，顯示了此意願並不可能實現，因為此句表面上雖說「如果瑪莉真的來到，我便一定到」實際的含意乃是：瑪莉沒有到，而我亦沒有到。

下次別人許願時，請留心其所用句子中的時式了！

＊＊你明瞭自己的文法水平嗎？

一篇好的文章需要文體及文法並重，宜重質, 不重量. 為考核同學能否正確運用英語文法, 本欄每期均列一句子，內含本港公開試考生常犯之文法錯誤、答案及分析於下期刊載。你會接受考驗嗎？

今期修改句子：All of a sudden, your head hits the desk and you are _____ asleep. (Q32, 2002)

A) deep           B) well          C) fast         D) much          

上期問题:  It was at this point _____ she grabbed her handbag. (Q44, 2001)

A) that             B) how          C) why        D) which          答案:  A

 

考核文法重點:  連接詞(Conjunction)

題解及分析:  -- It was …. That 乃名詞子句的句式, 用作加強副詞片語 “at this point” 的感染力, 故其他的關係代名詞(Relative Pronoun), “how”, “why” 及 “which” 於此題均不適合.

*此輯文章共30講,凡連續於comment 欄中表達意見或答對本期問題6次,均可獲本中心送出精美禮品一份.